EU hits Apple with record $2B antitrust fine in Spotify case

Brussels has fined Apple $2B for thwarting competition from music streaming rivals via restrictions on its App Store, the iPhone maker's first-ever penalty for breaching EU rules.

A basic penalty of $43M was inflated by a huge lump sum included as a deterrent - a first for the European Union's antitrust authorities on Monday.

The European Commission charged Apple last year with preventing Swedish streaming service Spotify and others from informing users of payment options outside its App Store, following a 2019 complaint by Spotify.

It said Apple's restrictions constituted unfair trading conditions, a relatively novel argument in an antitrust case and also used by the Dutch antitrust agency in a decision against Apple in 2021 in a case brought by dating app providers. It ordered it to stop such conduct.

Apple said it would appeal the decision. A ruling at the Luxembourg-based General Court, Europe's second-highest, is likely to take several years. Until then, Apple will have to pay the fine and comply with the EU order.

Its shares were last down 3 percent. The fine was nearly four times the $543M that sources with knowledge of the matter had told Reuters they expected the European Commission to impose on Apple.

It comprised a basic element of $43M - described by European Competition Commissioner Margarethe Vestager as a "parking ticket" for the US tech giant - plus $1.9B slapped on top as a deterrent.

The $1.9 billion total is equal to 0.5 percent of Apple's global turnover, she said.

Apple criticised the decision, saying in a statement "it was reached despite the Commission's failure to uncover any credible evidence of consumer harm, and ignores the realities of a market that is thriving, competitive, and growing fast".

"The primary advocate for this decision — and the biggest beneficiary — is Spotify, a company based in Stockholm, Sweden. Spotify has the largest music streaming app in the world, and has met with the European Commission more than 65 times during this investigation," it said.

'Left in the dark'

"Millions of European music streaming users were left in the dark about all available options," Vestager told a press conference.

"And Apple's anti-steering rules also made consumers pay more for such services because of the high commission fee imposed on developers and passed on to consumers."

Spotify cheered the EU decision but said there were other issues in other areas.

"And while we are pleased that this case delivers some justice, it does not solve Apple's bad behaviour towards developers beyond music streaming in other markets around the world," the company said in a statement.

Although the fine is big, Apple can handle it without any immediate cash impact, said analyst Ryan Reith at tech and services company IDC.

But he added: "I believe this is another step in the on-going process of breaking down some of the walled gardens that Apple has created around its ecosystem."

In the past decade, the EU regulator has fined Alphabet's Google a total of $8.95B over three cases. Vestager's order to Apple to remove its App Store restrictions echoes the same requirement under new EU tech rules known as the Digital Markets Act (DMA) which Apple has to comply with on March 7.

In contrast to the music streaming case, Apple is seeking to settle another EU antitrust investigation by offering to open up its tap-and-go mobile payment systems to rivals.

EU regulators, who subsequently sought feedback from rivals and users, will likely accept its offer without fining the company.