Mass displacement allegations of Rohingya have impacted civilians in Myanmar. / Photo: AFP Archive
UN war crimes investigators have said they were tracking the escalating fighting in conflict-torn Myanmar's Rakhine State and were probing reports that thousands from a persecuted minority had been displaced.
The United Nations' Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM) said in a statement on Thursday that it was closely following events unfolding on the ground in Rakhine and "assessing if crimes against humanity and war crimes have been committed".
Clashes have rocked Rakhine since the Arakan Army (AA) attacked junta forces in November, ending a ceasefire that had largely held since a military coup in 2021.
The AA says it is fighting for more autonomy for the ethnic Rakhine population in the state, which is also home to around 600,000 members of the persecuted Rohingya Muslim minority.
Hundreds of thousands of Rohingya fled Rakhine in 2017 during a crackdown by the military that is now the subject of a United Nations genocide court case.
"We are examining numerous reports of high-intensity fighting between the Myanmar military and the Arakan Army, including increased violence and the destruction of property in Buthidaung Township," the IIMM said in a statement.
That violence, the team said, "has reportedly resulted in the displacement of thousands of mainly Rohingya civilians, and is also impacting on Rakhine and Hindu communities".
Moving to safer areas
The AA said it had seized Buthidaung last week, the latest victory it has claimed against the junta in Rakhine state.
It said it had warned residents of the town to leave and had subsequently been "assisting people in moving to safer areas" but did not give any details.
But a joint statement released by several Rohingya organisations based abroad said earlier this week that AA fighters had forced Rohingya residents to leave Buthidaung and then burned and looted their homes.
It said the Rohingya were then directed by the fighters into areas controlled by the AA.
The statement called for the AA to end "forced displacement and human rights violations" against the Rohingya.
The IIMM was established by the UN Human Rights Council in 2018 to collect evidence of the most serious international crimes and prepare files for criminal prosecution.
Beyond Rakhine, it said that it was also collecting evidence of "potential serious international crimes committed in other parts of Myanmar as conflict continues to increase across the country".
Testimonies against perpetrators
The team highlighted that they had been mandated to investigate "the most serious international crimes in Myanmar regardless of the affiliation of the perpetrators".
"This includes crimes committed by the Myanmar security forces, as well as members of armed groups."
The investigators stressed that "under the laws of war, people who are not taking an active part in hostilities may not be targeted, and all parties should take measures to minimise harm to civilians and civilian objects, such as homes, schools and hospitals".
The team, which has never been permitted to visit Myanmar, called for witnesses to come forward to provide evidence of violations on the ground.
"Testimonies of witnesses and survivors of crimes are vital for us to build criminal cases against perpetrators," it said, also calling for "people with knowledge of illegal orders or policies", to share what they know.
"We encourage anyone who has information about serious crimes committed in Rakhine State, and elsewhere in the country, to contact us through our secure and confidential channels."
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