From Europe to Arctic, temperature records tumble in 2019
This June was the hottest on record, beating out June 2016 — so far the hottest year ever.
People are silhouetted as they cool off in water fountains in a park, as hot summer temperatures hit Paris, France on July 25, 2019
We may only be just over halfway through it, but 2019 has already seen temperature records smashed from Europe to the Arctic circle and could prove to be one of the hottest ever recorded.
Numerous studies have shown that heatwaves such as the one that baked northern Europe this week are made more likely by the climate crisis, and as man-made greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, 2019 fits a general warming trend.
Fans wearing hats to protect them from the heatwave that hit western Europe, wait at the finish line of the 18th stage of the 106th edition of the Tour de France cycling race between Embrun and Valloire, in Valloire, on July 25, 2019.
Hottest June
This June was the hottest on record, beating out June 2016 — so far the hottest year ever.
The record was breached due to an exceptionally strong European heatwave.
The continent's June temperatures were around two degrees Celsius (3.6 Fahrenheit) hotter than average, according to the EU's Copernicus climate monitor.
Temperatures were also notably higher than historic averages in South America, the US atmospheric monitor NOAA said.
A woman holds an umbrella to protect herself from the sun as she walks past the Rijksmuseum, in the Museumplein square in Amsterdam, on July 25, 2019 during the heatwave.
Temperature records tumble
Europe has endured two exceptionally strong heatwaves in a matter of weeks.
Record highs tumbled across France, with the mercury peaking at 46C on June 28 in the southern town of Verargues. The previous record, set back in 2003, was 44.1C.
The second wave of heat this week saw Paris's all-time high pulverised: Meteo-France measured 42.6C in the French capital on Thursday — more than 2C hotter than the previous high, set more than 70 years ago.
Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands all also registered all-time high temperatures.
The World Weather Attribution service this month said June's heatwave was made between 5 and 100 times more likely by man-made climate change.
"Since 2015, we've seen extreme heatwaves every year in Europe," said Robert Vautard, a climatologist at France's Laboratory of Climate and Environment Sciences.
The first half of 2019 also saw intense heatwaves in Australia, India, Pakistan and parts of the Middle East, according to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).
Siblings, Ella and Levi Weiberg cool off in a fountain at Gotaplatsen in central Gothenburg, Sweden on July 26, 2019.
Arctic heatwaves
In mid-July, for the first time on record, thermometers read 21C in Alert, a Canadian outpost that is the most northern settlement on Earth, around 900 km from the North Pole.
That beat the previous record set in 1956, but the number of days where temperatures reach 19-20C have shown a marked increase since 2012.
A man and a child cool off in a fountain on a hot summer day in Frankfurt, Germany on July 25, 2019.
Hottest year in human history
The last four years are the hottest on record.
Last year was fourth on the list, with an average surface temperature of 1C above pre-industrial levels.
2016 still holds the crown as the hottest year in human history — a full 1.2C above average, aided by a powerful El Nino warming event.
According to the NOAA, the period of January-June 2019 was the second hottest ever measured, hotter even than the same period in 2016.
The WMO estimates 2019 will be among the top five hottest years, and that 2015-2019 will be the hottest five year period ever recorded.
Three papers released this week showed that Earth's temperature was currently warming at a rate and uniformity unparalleled in the past 2,000 years.
Atmospheric CO2 levels are currently around 415 parts per million — the highest concentration in three million years.
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