Why Indian forces are setting houses on fire in disputed Kashmir
In New Delhi’s push to quell the popular armed resistance, blowing up houses and shops has become the norm in India-administered Kashmir.
ANANTNAG, India-administered Kashmir — Indian soldiers in the disputed India-administered territory of Kashmir have been using high intensity weapons to engage with local gun-toting rebels, who are often found with lightweight arms such as Kalashnikovs, grenade launchers and pistols.
Instead of confronting the rebels with guns, the Indian security forces have been criticised for using “disproportionate force”, blowing up or burning houses where militants are believed to be hiding.
Between 1989 and 2001, at least 5,368 buildings, including shops, houses and other privately-owned properties in the region, were heavily damaged in counter-insurgency operations, according to data collected by the local government. No such data is available for the past 17 years, but the number is expected to be higher than during the 1990s, based on reports from locals.
Kashmiri photojournalist Zafar Dar visited various places in the troubled region, where Indian security forces had killed militants and destroyed several dozen houses this summer.
Three houses were burnt down in south Kashmir’s Khudwani village in April this year. Four civilians were also shot dead.
On April 10 and 11, Indian soldiers set four houses and two shops on fire as they engaged in a gun fight with militants. The soldiers also shot dead four civilians after two militants broke the cordon and escaped from the scene of the fighting. One Indian soldier also died in the confrontation.
A month later in a similar incident, Indian security forces raided a village in south Kashmir called Turkwangam. Though no militants or weapons were found there, the soldiers burnt down three houses, according to locals.
“The (Indian) army did not say anything to us, we did not say anything to them,” said Muneeb Ahmad, a local villager whose house was set on fire.
“They checked all the houses around here, but found nothing, nothing at all, still hours later, they set our houses ablaze.”
Local residents trying to take out smouldering wooden planks from the debris of what used to be the house of Bilal Ahmad, in South Kashmir’s Kulgam district. Indian forces destroyed the house earlier this year.
"The security forces have been trying to ensure clean operations. We have been trying to minimise the use of powerful explosives," an Indian army official, who preferred to remain anonymous, told TRT World.
He said that, at times, finishing the operations in the shortest time possible becomes a necessity, as people tend to march towards the area where militants are trapped.
"To avoid any civilian killing, the explosions become a need at times," he explained.
Bilal Ahmed Dar's two daughters.
Dar’s family, including his two daughters, are temporarily staying at their neighbours’ house. Dar, who makes money by renting out tents and utensils for local events, says he needs another life to build a new home.
Gunfights between Indian forces and local rebels are frequent in the disputed region, which has been claimed by both India and Pakistan since the British left the subcontinent in 1947.
A significant number of people in the region do not shy away from expressing their support for the armed resistance movement, which began in 1989.
Altaf Wani, a cable operator, stands on the remains of his house in the Khudwani area of south Kashmir’s Kulgam district, which was reduced to rubble by Indian soldiers during a gunfight with rebels in April this year.
The remains of burnt books in the rubble of a house that was blown up in south Kashmir earlier this year.
Dar’s wife Dilshaada says rebels were exchanging fire with Indian forces from a house next to hers but says Indian forces burnt her house down for no reason.
Shaheena Jan, a mother of one from south Kashmir’s Pulwama district, explains how the Indian forces used incendiary weapons to damage her house after killing two local rebels on April 30 this year.
Ten-year-old Shahid Ahmed takes a look at what used to be his bedroom before Indian forces burnt down his home in Turkwangam village.
Locals gather near the debris of houses that were destroyed by Indian forces in Turkwangam village.
A boy looking at the debris of his house which was destroyed on April 1 this year by Indian forces in south Kashmir’s Dailgam village.
Three houses were burnt down by Indian forces in a gunfight in Nowshera, a village in south Kashmir’s Anantnag district, on June 22, 2018. The forces shot dead four rebels and one civilian.
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