Donkeys become Gaza's lifeline amid Israeli war, fuel shortage and siege

Amina Abu Maghasib's livelihood rests on one animal: a donkey that pulls the cart she uses to transport people around Gaza, where more than a year of war has led to a widespread shortage of fuel for cars.

"Before the war, I used to sell milk and yoghurt, and the factory used to take the milk from me," she said from the central Gaza city of Deir al Balah, holding reins in one hand and a rubber stick in the other that she uses to manoeuvre her cart.

"Now, I have no income other than the donkey and the cart."

Donkey-pulled carts were a fairly common sight in pre-war Gaza. But the lack of fuel and destruction in the besieged enclave since the start of the Israeli genocidal war last year have made them one of the few remaining forms of transport.

Displaced Palestinian in Gaza fleeing fighting or air strikes pile aboard them to rush to safety with their belongings.

For others, a donkey cart is virtually the only form of transportation.

Marwa Yess uses a donkey cart to get around with her family.

"I pay 20 shekels ($5.40) for the cart to take me from Deir al Balah to Nuseirat. The price is outrageous, but under these circumstances, everything seems reasonable," she said. The distance is about five kilometres.

"I used to feel embarrassed to ride a donkey cart at the beginning of the war, but now there's no other option," the teacher and mother of three told AFP.

Soaring prices

According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, 43 percent of Gaza's working animals — a category that includes donkeys, horses and mules —had been killed in the war by August 2024, leaving only 2,627 alive.

Abu Maghasib's only running costs are fodder, she told AFP sitting on her cart, a few planks of wood held together by a metal frame and mounted on four wheels.

But the price of food for people and animals has soared.

After costs, Abu Maghasib has made a profit of 20 shekels at the end of the day from the clients who hop on and off from the roadside.

"I bought this donkey on credit, and the first donkey died in the war in Deir al Balah after being hit by shrapnel," she said.

The new one cost her 2,500 shekels.

Abdel Misbah, a 32-year-old man displaced with his family of 20 from Gaza City to the territory's south, also made the liv elihood switch to donkey transportation.

"I used to sell vegetables on a cart before the war. Now, I work in delivery," he said, lamenting that "the donkey panics when the bombing gets too close".

He too feels the pain of skyrocketing fodder prices.

"I make sure to feed it well, even though the price of barley (per sack) has gone up from three shekels to 50 shekels," he said.

'More valuable than gold'

Israel imposed a total siege on Gaza in the early stages of the war last year, complicating aid and goods distribution.

The lack of fuel, war-damaged roads and looting, as well as fighting in densely populated areas and the repeated displacement of much of Gaza's 2.4 million people, also contribute to the shortages.

A UN-backed assessment this month said famine looms in northern Gaza, and the United Nations agency supporting Palestinian refugees, UNRWA, said aid entering the territory had reached its lowest level in months.

Yusef Muhammad, a 23-year-old displaced from Gaza's north to Khan Younis in the south, said his donkey has become a "lifeline" for his family.

"When the war started, car fares were too expensive. I had no choice but to rely on a donkey. Thank God I had it when we were forced to evacuate."

Beyond the widespread destruction, Israel's offensive has killed at least 44,211 people in Gaza, most of them civilians, according to figures from the health authorities.

When Israeli military evacuation orders, which usually precede fighting and bombing, send thousands of people and their belongings onto the road in an instant, donkey carts can be one of the only ways out of danger.

Hosni Abu Warda, 62, said his home was destroyed in the northern area of Jabalia, the scene of an intense Israeli military operation since early October.

When he fled, Abu Warda said he had no choice but to turn to four-hoofed transportation. He waited 14 hours for a cart before escaping with his family "packed like sardines".

In times like these, "the donkey is more valuable than gold and even more valuable than modern cars", Abu Warda said.